Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition synthesis of nZVI-Pd/AC toward reductive degradation of methylene blue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A novel composite (nZVI/Pd-AC) was prepared by loading nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Pd on activated carbon (AC) electrode under...     

望虞河西岸九里河中四种除草剂的污染现状

基于气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法结合固相萃取(SPE)前处理技术,建立了水中4种除草剂氯草定、阿特拉津、乙草胺和异丙甲草胺残留的分析方法,于2018年春(4、5月)、秋(9、10月)和冬(1、3月)季对太湖流域望虞河西岸九里河水体中4种除草剂的污染现状进行调查分析。结果表明,4种除草剂的加标回收率为71. 2%～108%,RSD均10%,方法检出限为3. 5～6. 0 ng/L。九里河水体中氯草定、阿特拉津、乙草胺和异丙甲草胺4种除草剂质量浓度分别为未检出～0. 025 7,0. 019 1～1. 19,未检出～0. 026 0和未检出～0. 094 3μg/L。4种除草剂中阿特拉津最高值接近《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)限值,其他3种其值较低,氯草定首次在太湖流域水体中检出。     

神农架大九湖亚高山泥炭湿地甲烷通量变化特征及其与产甲烷菌群落组成的关系

2018年12月～2019年11月,采用涡度相关法和高通量测序技术,以湖北省神农架大九湖亚高山泥炭湿地为研究对象,对甲烷(CH4)通量以及产甲烷菌群落组成进行相关研究.结果 及分析表明:大九湖泥炭湿地研究期间表现为CH4的源,CH4总排放量为9333.26 mg· m-2,CH4日平均排放通量为18.50 nmol·m-2·s-1,冬、春、夏、秋四季的CH4平均排放通量分别为6.46、4.62、36.81、25.92 nmol·m-2·s-1,存在明显的季节变化;研究区产甲烷菌优势菌群为Methanoregula(66.73％)和Methanocella(21.99％);对样本中产甲烷菌的Shannon指数进行双因素方差分析发现,同一季节不同深度的样本中产甲烷菌多样性存在显著差异,随着深度的增加,产甲烷菌的多样性指数呈下降趋势;同一深度不同季节的样本中产甲烷菌多样性存在显著差异;夏季产甲烷菌群落组成与CH4排放通量为强正相关关系,春季产甲烷菌群落组成与CH4排放通量为强负相关关系,Methanothermus与CH4排放通量为显著正相关关系,Methanolinea与CH4排放通量为显著负相关关系.     

Photochemical degradation kinetics and mechanisms of norfloxacin and oxytetracycline

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The photochemical degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) and oxytetracycline (OTC) was investigated under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The results...     

夏热冬冷地区屋顶绿化全年能耗削减及成本效益

绿化屋顶的降温节能效益已有诸多文献报导,但专门针对夏热冬冷地区不同屋顶绿化模式的全年能耗模拟研究并不多见.以南京为例,采用EnergyPlus模型分析粗放、半密集、密集3类典型屋顶绿化的全年建筑能耗削减效应及季节规律,基于降温节能价值开展成本效益分析.结果 表明,屋顶绿化能够通过蒸散与隔离作用调节建筑屋顶表面温度,夏季以降温为主,最大降温幅度为29.3℃,冬季以保温为主,最高升温幅度为13℃.夏冬两季屋顶表面温度的降低/升高分别引起建筑制冷/热负荷的削减:粗放、半密集、密集3种绿化屋顶夏季制冷负荷削减率分别为-0.4％、2％和2.4％,冬季制热负荷分别降低16.5％、23.1％和28.3％,全年建筑能耗削减率为1.9％、4.9％和5.9％,其中,顶层能耗削减占削减总量的11％～71％.成本效益分析结果表明,密集型屋顶绿化的财务净现值最大、投资回报率最高,但3类绿化屋顶在40年生命周期内均无法通过能耗削减效益收回投资成本.研究结果可为同气候区屋顶绿化设计与推广提供参考.     

The distribution and enrichment characteristics of copper in soil and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> of Liao River estuary wetland

The aims of the present investigation were to reveal the distribution and enrichment characteristics of copper in soil and Phragmites australis of Liao River estuary wetland. The concentrations of copper in root, stem, leaf, and ear of Phragmites australis as well as in soil were determined to study the absorption capacity of copper by wild Phragmites australis of Liao River estuary wetland. The study was carried out at test pool of the Shenyang Agricultural University, and the experimental materials (soil, irrigating water and Phragmites australis) were derived from Liao River estuary wetland. The concentrations of copper in soil and Phragmites australis were 16.4441 to 49.0209 mg/kg and 0.8621 to 89.5524 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the enrichment coefficients of copper in different tissues of Phragmites australis changed with the growth of Phragmites australis. The results revealed that the enrichment coefficients of copper in the whole Phragmites australis were greater than 1 at each growing stage of the Phragmites australis. The results also showed that the transfer coefficients of Phragmites australis to copper changed with the growth of Phragmites australis. The results revealed that the Phragmites australis had a good removal effect on copper from soil and had some characteristics of copper hyperaccumulator.     

浅谈县级环境监测质量管理工作现状及对策

当前环保系统垂直改革稳步推进,县级环境监测质量管理工作也迎来新的机遇与挑战。从县级环境监测站质量管理工作现状着手,分析新形势下存在质量管理体系有效性缺乏、现场监测过程质量管理薄弱、质量管理意识尚待提高等问题。提出,应从加强体系建设、提高现场监测水平、强化考核培训力度等方面改进县级环境监测质量管理工作水平。     

地下铀矿山留矿法采场受限空间内氡迁移的数值模拟

为研究铀矿山留矿法采场氡迁移规律,依据留矿法采场的构造和物理几何尺寸,建立了受限空间内颗粒堆积型射气介质气体流动的数学模型和氡迁移方程,以10 m和20 m高爆破矿堆为对象,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了不同通风条件下采场中氡的迁移规律。结果表明:1)采场下行通风方式降低矿堆上部作业空间氡浓度的效果优于上行通风方式,但对采场运输巷道氡浓度的效果相反;采场排风氡浓度与采场通风风量成反比,氡析出份额与通风风量成正比;2)在相同通风风量下,10 m高爆破矿堆与20 m高爆破矿堆氡析出份额之差随通风风流量增长而逐渐缩小;3)均压通风对渗透率高(k=1×10-8m2)的采场排风氡浓度、矿堆氡析出份额有明显影响。     

Background biomonitoring of residue levels of 137 pesticides in the blood plasma of the general population in Beijing

Due to the widespread use of pesticides, human exposure to pesticides is possible and can potentially cause adverse impacts on public health. We measured 137 pesticides including organophosphorus, organochlorine, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticides together with various herbicides in 100 human blood samples collected from the general population in Beijing. The samples were analysed by triple quadrupole tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 24 organochlorine pesticides, 5 pyrethroid pesticides and 6 organophosphorus pesticides were detected. The detection rates of HCB, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE and quintozene were 99, 96, 74, 72, 96 and 95%, respectively. No statistically significant gender difference in the blood concentrations of the pesticides was found. Consistent with the trend of the increasing β-HCH, p,p′-DDE and quintozene concentrations with age, a strong positive correlation between the age and concentrations of β-BHC, p,p′-DDE and quintozene was observed.     

流域绿水管理博弈建模及应用分析

绿水资源表示水循环通过降水渗透入土壤非饱和层并由植物蒸腾或土壤蒸发返回大气层的水汽，是农业作物生产的重要基础，但是通常被传统流域水资源管理所忽视。基于流域水量平衡和蓝水绿水综合思维，将绿水资源纳入流域水资源管理体系。在绿水信贷理念和博弈建模分析框架下，结合SWAT分布式水文模型、多目标优化及情景比较分析，利用绿水管理措施合理优化配置流域蓝水绿水资源，采用绿水生态补偿协调处理上下游利益冲突的博弈问题，探索性地提出了流域绿水管理博弈框架。该框架通过博弈建模可以识别分析流域绿水管理问题的博弈空间、博弈结构和纳什均衡等博弈特征；通过合作博弈约束条件改进的多目标优化，可以计算流域绿水管理情景的绿水补偿标准和帕累托最优收益。将建立的绿水管理博弈框架应用于涟水流域实例研究，NSE、R2、PBIAS、p-factor与r-factor等模拟效果评价和不确定性分析结果表明，涟水流域SWAT分布式水文模型的蓝水绿水模拟均达到可信程度。上下游收益变化、绿水补偿标准与帕累托最优解集等博弈分析结果显示，涟水流域整体社会经济与生态环境收益明显改善，其帕累托最优收益平均增长2.72亿元/a，年均绿水补偿标准折合1.94、1 253.7元/hm²。实例分析表明提出的绿水管理博弈框架在涟水流域具有较好的适用性和可行性。因此，该方法可以为流域蓝水绿水管理试点研究及其绿水补偿标准核定提供相关理论依据和技术参考，具有一定程度的的应用价值和现实意义。